ABSTRACT
The European Commission's Green Deal strategic plan aims to achieve EU climate neutrality by 2050. As part of this plan, the Farm-to- Fork (F2F) strategy and the Biodiversity Strategy (BDS) will be accompanied by a new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP post-2020). This paper presents and discusses the results of techno-economic analyses carried out by the European Union's Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The two analyses are based on fundamentally different economic models, but they converge in stating that the application of F2F and BDS strategies will result in an increase in production costs and consumer prices of agricultural products and a decrease in profitability as well as a reduction in agricultural production, with a consequent loss of domestic market share by European producers to those of other countries. Under these conditions, the lower emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases will be compensated by an increase in emissions in other areas of the world, to which the agricultural production that Europe will no longer be able to produce will be relocated. In addition, according to the authors, environmental sustainability at the European level will also be called into question if one takes into account that reduced agricultural production will result in a significant reduction in the removal of CO2 from photosynthesis.
ABSTRACT
During the first months of 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has rapidly caused an unprecedented health emergency. In the North of Italy, one of the first and most dramatically hit hotspots, residents and experienced doctors with various professional competencies have been hired. The recruitment has also been on a voluntary basis. In the present work, we describe the experience of a group of Child Neuropsychiatry residents from the University of Pavia who volunteered in COVID-19 units, mainly focusing on tasks regarding communication and relation. A focus group with the young doctors involved in the experience revealed some general themes shared by all the participants: 1) dealing with death, 2) professional identity, 3) the importance of communication. These themes could provide an insight for the clinical and policy plans for the involvement of doctors with different specializations in similar future events, as well as for a remodeling of the educational program for resident doctors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (Italian) Nei primi mesi del 2020 la pandemia causata dal SARS-CoV-2 ha provocato un'emergenza sanitaria globale senza precedenti. Nel Nord Italia, una delle zone piu precocemente e piu gravemente colpite, e stato necessario il reclutamento di medici in formazione e specialisti con competenze diverse. Tale reclutamento e avvenuto anche su base volontaria. Descriviamo l'esperienza di un gruppo di medici in formazione in Neuropsichiatria Infantile dell'Universita di Pavia che ha effettuato una frequenza volontaria in reparti COVID della provincia di Pavia, dedicandosi principalmente alla comunicazione e alla relazione. Da un focus group con i giovani medici coinvolti sono emersi alcuni temi generali condivisi da tutti: 1) fare i conti con la morte, 2) l'identita professionale, 3) l'importanza della comunicazione. Questi temi potrebbero servire da spunto di riflessione per la gestione futura di eventuali ulteriori emergenze, nonche per rimodulare l'offerta formativa dei medici in formazione specialistica. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, increases exponentially, affecting the health system, the economy and putting at risk the lives of thousands of people due to the characteristics of contagion, in addition to the possibility of severe compromise in older adults and immunocompromised individuals. Objective. Carry out a review of the literature that addresses different aspects of the COVID- 19 pandemic, aimed at professionals in the health sciences or other disciplines, interested in acquiring knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 with a comprehensive vision. Methods. A literature search was conducted using Mesh terms in the following databases: Pubmed, Ovid, Clinical Key, Science Direct for analysis and selection according to their relevance in new contributions. Results. Various cohort studies, experimental clinical studies, as well as interim practice guidelines from various agencies such as the CDC and WHO were evaluated, identifying the epidemiological characteristics of the pathogen from December 2019 to the present, as well as studies on previous CoVs, preventive guidelines and evaluation of drugs against COVID-19. Conclusion. Know the origin of the pathogen, structure, mode of transmission, adequate selection within the diagnostic criteria, among other key points that contribute to the strengthening of new preventive and therapeutic measures that may be implemented by health personnel, generating improvements in the care of patients with possible diagnosis of COVID-19.